- Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus)
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) - dual GLP-1/GIP agonist
- Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
WARNING: RISK OF THYROID C-CELL TUMORS
In rodent studies, GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide and tirzepatide caused dose-dependent and treatment-duration-dependent thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas). It is unknown whether GLP-1 receptor agonists cause thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in humans.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are contraindicated in patients with:
Counsel patients regarding the potential risk for MTC and symptoms of thyroid tumors (neck mass, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness).
Weight Loss Expectations:
| Medication | Average Weight Loss (Clinical Trials) | Timeline |
|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide 2.4mg | ~15% of body weight | 68 weeks |
| Tirzepatide (max dose) | ~20-25% of body weight | 72 weeks |
| Liraglutide 3.0mg | ~5-10% of body weight | 56 weeks |
Note: Individual results vary significantly. These are average results from clinical trials; your results may differ.
Important: Weight regain is common if medication is discontinued without sustained lifestyle changes.
GI side effects are very common, especially during dose escalation:
Tips to minimize GI side effects:
The following serious adverse events have been associated with GLP-1 therapy:
Do NOT use GLP-1 receptor agonists if you have:
IMPORTANT: Due to delayed gastric emptying, inform all healthcare providers that you are taking a GLP-1 medication before any procedure requiring anesthesia or sedation.