Longevity & Anti-Aging
Peptides targeting hallmarks of aging including mitochondrial decline, cellular senescence, and tissue homeostasis.
Clinical Overview
Longevity & Anti-Aging
Peptides targeting hallmarks of aging including mitochondrial decline, cellular senescence, and tissue homeostasis.
Longevity-focused peptides target the biological hallmarks of aging — mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, telomere attrition, and loss of proteostasis. Clinical use should focus on validated symptomatic endpoints rather than unproven claims of lifespan extension.
Mechanism Classes
Mitochondrial-targeted peptides
SS-31 / elamipretide (Phase 3 for mitochondrial myopathy and dry AMD) and humanin (cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic) act directly on mitochondrial function and energetics.
Telomere / sirtuin modulators
Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activation and circadian/sleep effects. NAD+ (a coenzyme, not a peptide) fuels sirtuin signaling and is included here for common co-prescribing.
Tissue-homeostasis peptides
GHK-Cu (copper-binding tripeptide) modulates broad gene-expression networks involved in tissue repair and antioxidant defense.
Regulatory Status
FDA-Approved
None FDA-approved in this category.
Investigational / Off-Label
- Epithalon
- NAD+
- Humanin
- SS-31 / Elamipretide
- GHK-Cu
No peptide is FDA-approved for longevity indications. SS-31 is in Phase 3 for mitochondrial myopathy — the most advanced regulatory pathway in this class.
Evidence Base
Heterogeneous. SS-31 has multi-year Phase 3 safety and efficacy data. NAD+ has growing human data for metabolic and cognitive endpoints. Epithalon and humanin remain predominantly preclinical. No peptide has demonstrated human lifespan extension in controlled trials.
Primary-Literature References
23
Across 2 linked monographs
Prescribing Considerations
- 1Frame as investigational; do not position as disease-modifying or lifespan-extending.
- 2Focus on measurable endpoints: energy, sleep, cognition, body composition, inflammatory markers.
- 3Baseline labs: CMP, CBC, lipid panel, HbA1c, thyroid function, hs-CRP; consider IGF-1 and biological-age markers.
- 4Structure as time-limited cycles with periodic reassessment — avoid indefinite continuous therapy without clinical justification.
- 5NAD+ is administered IV, SC, or IM in compounded forms; oral precursors (NMN, NR) are supplements rather than prescribed peptides.
- 6Document informed consent around investigational long-term use.
Peptides in this category(2)
Clinical monographs for each agent — dosing ranges, safety profile, evidence, and prescribing considerations.
3 additional monographs in this category are in clinical review and will be published soon.